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<p>下表列出 C 运算符的优先级和结合性。运算符从顶到底以降序列出。
</p>
<table class="wikitable">

<tr>
<th style="text-align: left"> 优先级
</th>
<th style="text-align: left"> 运算符
</th>
<th style="text-align: left"> 描述
</th>
<th style="text-align: left"> 结合性
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="6"> 1
</th>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> <code>++</code> <code>--</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> 后缀自增与自减
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top" rowspan="6"> 从左到右
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>()</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 函数调用
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>[]</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 数组下标
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>.</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 结构体与联合体成员访问
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>-&gt;</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 结构体与联合体成员通过指针访问
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>(<i>type</i>){<i>list</i>}</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 复合字面量<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="8"> 2
</th>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> <code>++</code> <code>--</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> 前缀自增与自减<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_note-1">[注 1]</a></sup>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top" rowspan="8"> 从右到左
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>+</code> <code>-</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 一元加与减
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>!</code> <code>~</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 逻辑非与逐位非
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>(<i>type</i>)</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 转型
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>*</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 间接（解引用）
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>&amp;</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 取址
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>sizeof</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 取大小<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_note-2">[注 2]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>_Alignof</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 对齐要求<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 3
</th>
<td> <code>*</code> <code>/</code> <code>%</code>
</td>
<td> 乘法、除法及余数
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top" rowspan="11"> 从左到右
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 4
</th>
<td> <code>+</code> <code>-</code>
</td>
<td> 加法及减法
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 5
</th>
<td> <code>&lt;&lt;</code> <code>&gt;&gt;</code>
</td>
<td> 逐位左移及右移
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2"> 6
</th>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> <code>&lt;</code> <code>&lt;=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> 分别为 &lt; 与 ≤ 的关系运算符
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top-style: none"> <code>&gt;</code> <code>&gt;=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-top-style: none"> 分别为 &gt; 与 ≥ 的关系运算符
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 7
</th>
<td> <code>==</code> <code>!=</code>
</td>
<td> 分别为 = 与 ≠ 关系
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 8
</th>
<td> <code>&amp;</code>
</td>
<td> 逐位与
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 9
</th>
<td> <code>^</code>
</td>
<td> 逐位异或（排除或）
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 10
</th>
<td> <code>|</code>
</td>
<td> 逐位或（包含或）
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 11
</th>
<td> <code>&amp;&amp;</code>
</td>
<td> 逻辑与
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 12
</th>
<td> <code>||</code>
</td>
<td> 逻辑或
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 13
</th>
<td> <code>?:</code>
</td>
<td> 三元条件<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_note-3">[注 3]</a></sup>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top" rowspan="6"> 从右到左
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="5"> 14<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_note-4">[注 4]</a></sup>
</th>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> <code>=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none"> 简单赋值
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>+=</code> <code>-=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 以和及差赋值
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>*=</code> <code>/=</code> <code>%=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 以积、商及余数赋值
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> <code>&lt;&lt;=</code> <code>&gt;&gt;=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none"> 以逐位左移及右移赋值
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top-style: none"> <code>&amp;=</code> <code>^=</code> <code>|=</code>
</td>
<td style="border-top-style: none"> 以逐位与、异或及或赋值
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> 15
</th>
<td> <code>,</code>
</td>
<td> 逗号
</td>
<td> 从左到右
</td></tr></table>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">前缀 <code>++</code> 与 <code>--</code> 的运算数不能是转型。此规则在文法上禁止某些表达式本来也会在语义上非法的表达式。某些编译器忽略此规则并检测语义上的非法。</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><code>sizeof</code> 的运算数不能是类型转型：表达式 <code>sizeof (int) * p</code> 无歧义地转译成 <code>(sizeof(int)) * p</code> ，而非 <code>sizeof((int)*p)</code> 。</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">条件运算符中部（ <code><b>?</b></code> 与 <code><b>:</b></code> 之间）的表达式分析为如同加括号：忽略其相对于 <code>?:</code> 的优先级。</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="operator_precedence.html#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">赋值运算符的左运算数必须是一元（第 2 级非转型）表达式。此规则在文法上禁止某些表达式本来也会在语义上非法的表达式。从而许多编译器忽略此规则并在语义上检测其非法。例如， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">e <span class="sy1">=</span> a <span class="sy1">&lt;</span> d <span class="sy4">?</span> a<span class="sy2">++</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> a <span class="sy1">=</span> d</span></span> 是因此规则而无法剖析的表达式。然而许多编译器忽略此规则并将它剖析成 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">e <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">(</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">(</span>a <span class="sy1">&lt;</span> d<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> a<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> d <span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，并给出错误，因为它在语义上非法。</span>
</li>
</ol>
<p>分析表达式时，列于上面表中某行的运算符，将比列于低于它的行中拥有较低优先级的任何运算符，更紧密地绑定到其参数（如同用括号）。例如，表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>p<span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> 被分析为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，而非 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> 。
</p><p>拥有相同优先级的运算符以其结合性的方向绑定到其参数。例如表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a <span class="sy1">=</span> b <span class="sy1">=</span> c</span></span> 被分析为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">(</span>b <span class="sy1">=</span> c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 而非 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span>a <span class="sy1">=</span> b<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> c</span></span> ，因为从右到左结合性。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
<p>优先级和结合性与<a href="eval_order.html" title="c/language/eval order">求值顺序</a>独立。
</p><p>标准自身不指定优先级。它们派生自文法。
</p><p>C++ 中，条件运算符拥有与赋值运算符相同的优先级，而前缀 <code>++</code> 与 <code>--</code> 及赋值运算符无关于其运算数的限制。
</p><p>结合性规定对于一元运算符是冗余的，且只为完备而显示：一元前缀运算符始终从右到左结合（ <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">sizeof</span> <span class="sy2">++*</span>p</span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">sizeof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ）而一元后缀运算符始终从左到右结合（ <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> ）。注意结合性对成员访问运算符有意义，即使在它们与一元后缀运算符组合时： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a.<span class="me1">b</span><span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> 分析为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span>a.<span class="me1">b</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> 而非 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a.<span class="br0">(</span>b<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2011）：
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> A.2.1 Expressions 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1999）：
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> A.2.1 Expressions 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1990）： 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> A.1.2.1 Expressions 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<p>运行时运算符参数的<a href="eval_order.html" title="c/language/eval order">求值顺序</a>。
</p>
<table class="wikitable">

<tr style="text-align:center">
<th colspan="7"> 常用运算符
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="c/language/operator assignment">赋值</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="c/language/operator incdec">自增<br>自减</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">算术</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="c/language/operator logical">逻辑</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="c/language/operator comparison">比较</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_member_access.html" title="c/language/operator member access">成员<br>访问</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_other.html" title="c/language/operator other">其他</a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a <span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">/</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">|</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">^</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&gt;&gt;=</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">++</span>a<br>
<span class="sy2">--</span>a<br>
a<span class="sy2">++</span><br>
a<span class="sy2">--</span></span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">+</span>a<br>
<span class="sy2">-</span>a<br>
a <span class="sy2">+</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">-</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">*</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">/</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy2">%</span> b<br>
~a<br>
a <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">|</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">^</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&gt;&gt;</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy3">!</span>a<br>
a <span class="sy3">&amp;&amp;</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">||</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a <span class="sy1">==</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&lt;</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&gt;</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&lt;=</span> b<br>
a <span class="sy1">&gt;=</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a<span class="br0">[</span>b<span class="br0">]</span><br>
<span class="sy2">*</span>a<br>
<span class="sy3">&amp;</span>a<br>
a<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span>b<br>
a.<span class="me1">b</span></span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">a<span class="br0">(</span>...<span class="br0">)</span><br>
a, b<br>
<span class="br0">(</span>type<span class="br0">)</span> a<br>
<span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="sy4">:</span><br>
<span class="kw4">sizeof</span><br>
_Alignof</span></span> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11 起)</span>
</p>
</td></tr>
</table>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table></div>
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